Comprehension For SBI PO set – 19
Comprehension Set – 19
PASSAGE 1
For more than three years, Anna Feng didn’t tell her husband that she had sunk nearly half of their savings into the Shanghai stock market. While he thought all their money was safely sitting in a bank, the value of the stocks plunged by almost 75%. But over the past couple of months, the Shanghai market has shown signs of life, and Feng, a 56-year-od retiree, has recouped half her losses. She’s quietly hopeful that maybe she’ll make it all back. “Everyone seems to be so optimistic about the markets now,” She says. Around the world, stocks have been on a tear. In Asia, for example, the Tokyo TOPIX stock index hit a 14-year high last week as a bull run in once-dormant Japan gathered momentum; Mumbai’s main equity index hit an all-time high in trading early Friday amid India’s continuing economic boom; and Hong Kong shares reached a five-year high while indices in Singapore, Jakarta and Sydney set new records. And though stocks in Asia, in particular, are on fire, they are not alone. From Germany to Venezuela to South Africa, equity markets in both mature and emerging markets have moved up sharply this year-and show little sign of slowing. The underpinning for stocks’ strong performance, global bulls say, is straightforward. Economic growth continues to be strong in places where it has been buoyant for several years (the US, China and India) and is finally picking up in places where it had been notably absent-Japan and parts of “old” Europe. Moreover, earnings and corporate profits have climbed for four straight years and consumer spending is rising briskly on the back of declining unemployment. Economists say that Japan is now in a golden cycle. So, for now, is much of the world. “It comes down to very simple macroeconomics,” says Subir Gokam, an economist at CRISIL, India’s largest credit-rating firm. “The global economy is growing without much inflationary pressure.” Is anything wrong with this picture? One very big thing, warn the skeptics. Internet rates are rising nearly everywhere, and if there is one simple adage that many investment advisers live by, it’s this: “When rates are high, stocks will die.” Indeed, one of the most impressive-or-scariest-aspects of the current global bull run is that is has come in the teeth of the central-bank tightening, most importantly by the US Federal Reserve, which could slow growth in the world’s key economic locomotive. The Fed has increased a key short-term interest rate-the so-called Fed funds rate-15 times dating back to June 2004, and is widely expected to raise it once or twice more over the next few months. A brief recession and the Sep 11 terrorist attacks in 2001 spurred a prolonged period of very low interest rates. That boosted US consumption-in particular the rate-sensitive housing market-and kept the global economy humming. But long-term rates are now beginning to tick upward: last week the US 30-year treasury bond reached 5.04%, its highest level since late 2004, and the housing market is cooling off-potentially triggering an economic slowdown as homeowners cut their spending.
1. According to the passage, what makes people hopeful about the markets?
(a) The descent in the value of stocks
(b) The trend of substantial increase in the value of stocks
(c) Safety provided by banks to their deposits
(d) Optimism of the stock market players
(e) The interest rates are going up
2. Which of the following is TRUE about the comparison between market indices of Mumbai and Hong Kong on the one hand and Singapore, Jakarta and Sydney on the other?
(a) The indices in the former case are increasing while those in the latter are decreasing.
(b) There is no remarkable trend visible between the two sets of indices.
(c) The markets in both the groups have been stable over a period of last five years.
(d) The markets in both the groups of countries have shown upward trend.
(e) None of these
3. What is the impact of increasing long-term interest rates?
(A) Demand in housing market is gradually diminishing.
(B) Retardation in economic growth.
(C) Restrictions imposed by central bank.
(a) A only
(b) B only
(c) C only
(d) A and C only
(e) None of these
4. In what way did the terrorist attacks in the US influence the markets?
(a) It led to a brief recession.
(b) It increased long-term need for housing.
(c) It helped increase the interest rates on housing.
(d) It prolonged the low interest rate regime.
(e) None of these
5. How are the interest rates associated with the stocks?
(a) In direct proportion
(b) In inverse proportion
(c) No relation
(d) Dependent upon the investors
(e) None of these
6. Which of the following statements is/are FALSE in the context of the passage?
(A) Economic growth in US, China, India, Japan and old European countries started to show a downward trend.
(B) Higher interest rates help boost stock value.
(C) Skeptics firmly believe that economic growth is a boon from all the angles.
(a) All the three
(b) A and B only
(c) B and C only
(d) A and C only
(e) None of these
7. How do the stock values in Asian countries compare with that in the other countries of the globe?
(a) It cannot be inferred on the basis of the content of the passage.
(b) There is a general decline in the market indices all over the globe.
(c) Markets show a general rise in the indices all over the globe.
(d) Markets only in Asian countries have shown upward trend.
(e) None of these
8. Which of the following is/are the reason(s) for the statement that ‘Japan is now in a golden cycle’?
(A) It is an economic growth without much inflationary pressure.
(B) Japan witnessed a substantial increase in corporate profits for the last four years.
(C) There are more employment avenues open and consumer spending has increased significantly.
(a) All the three A, B and C
(b) A and B only
(c) Either B or C only
(d) A and C only
(e) Either A or C only
9. According to the content of the passage, the spurt in stock markets appears to be
(a) a healthy sign of growing world peace
(b) an indication of eradication of global
(c) a proof of a negligible number of people below poverty line
(d) a transition from under-development to enrichment
(e) None of these
Directions (Q. 10-12): Which of the following is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word given in bold as used in the passage?
10. BRISKLY
(a) vigorously
(b) efficiently
(c) hurriedly
(d) insignificantly
(e) slowly
11. BOOSTED
(a) aggravated
(b) elevated
(c) deflated
(d) damaged
(e) stopped
12. PLUNGED
(a) fell
(b) increased
(c) dropped
(d) more
(e) appeared
Directions (Q. 13-15): Which of the following is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage?
13. BUOYANT
(a) drawing
(b) haphazard
(c) upbeat
(d) extravagant
(e) sailing
14. SPURRED
(a) shortened
(b) widened
(c) thronged
(d) stimulated
(e) escalated
15. SKEPTIC
(a) disbeliever
(b) orthodox
(c) theist
(d) philosopher
(e) analyst
Answer key:
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (e) 10. (e) 11. (e) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a)