THE HINDU EDITORIAL: MAY 1, 2018
THE HINDU EDITORIAL: MAY 1, 2018
- A dangerous incursion
The government’s opposition to the elevation of the Chief Justice of the Uttarakhand High Court, Justice K.M. Joseph, to the Supreme Court, as recommended by the Supreme Court collegium as far back as January 10, 2018, is per se unprincipled. Its logic is faulty, both statistically and otherwise.
Justice Joseph pronounced a historic judgment in April 2016 when he struck down the imposition of President’s rule in Uttarakhand. Little did he know that his judgment would stand in the way of his elevation. This has created a situation where the very independence of the judiciary is now under attack. We will have to await the response of the collegium. I hope its members stand together and speak in one voice. That is the only way the Supreme Court can reassert its supremacy in the matter of judicial appointments.
Justice Joseph’s request to be transferred to the Andhra Pradesh High Court on health grounds since he had undergone a bypass surgery was ignored. In May 2016, the collegium had cleared his transfer to the Andhra Pradesh High Court. For inexplicable reasons, the recommendation was not forwarded for approval to the then President of India, Pranab Mukherjee. In the normal course of events, recommendations for transfers are cleared within 10 days. The attitude of the Union government shows that he was being targeted. The Centre’s obduracy by supplying unedifying reasons for rejecting the collegium’s recommendation can be clearly attributed to his judgment of April 2016.
Point of seniority
Let us analyse the reasons put forth in Union Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad’s letter of April 26, 2018 for rejecting the recommendation for Justice Joseph’s elevation. The first is that in the All India High Court Judges Seniority List, Justice Joseph is placed at serial number 42 and that 11 Chief Justices of various High Courts in the said list are otherwise senior to him.
This reasoning is flawed. The first is that Justice Joseph was, obviously, elevated as Chief Justice of the Uttarakhand High Court on account of his qualities as a judge over other judges who might otherwise have been senior. Second, seniority among High Court judges has never been the only benchmark for appointment as Chief Justice of a High Court or elevation to the Supreme Court. Ever since 2014, the government of the day has never considered seniority as the only basis for elevation. When Judges Deepak Gupta and Navin Sinha were appointed in February 2017 to the Supreme Court, there were 40 High Court judges across India senior to them. Similarly, in the case of Justices S. Abdul Nazeer and Mohan M. Shantanagoudar, who were also elevated to the Supreme Court in February 2017, there were 20 High Court judges who were senior to them. When Justice S.K. Kaul was elevated too, there were 14 High Court judges senior to him. In denying Justice Joseph his due, the government has left itself without cover.
Regional representation
Another reason given by the Law Minister is that several High Courts including smaller high courts are not represented in the Supreme Court at present. It is true that High Courts in a few States are not represented. This has happened under the present regime as well as in the past. Justices K.G. Balakrishnan, Cyriac Joseph and K.S.P. Radhakrishnan were all from the Kerala High Court despite the Law Minister calling it a relatively small High Court. This was at a time when the strength in the Kerala High Court was less than 40 judges. Justices K.S. Paripoornan and K.T. Thomas were also elevated to the Supreme Court from the Kerala High Court when its strength was just 21. So, a small High Court such as Kerala’s has had a slew of elevations perhaps because of the outstanding quality of individual judges. The Delhi High Court, with a judge strength of 60, has three judges in the top court. The reason given by the Law Minister that in elevating Justice Joseph there would then be two judges from the Kerala High Court —which he considers inconsistent with the concept of adequate regional representation — is clearly specious.
The Law Minister ought to have disclosed that in February 2017, two judges from the Karnataka High Court, Justices Shantanagoudar and Abdul Nazeer, were elevated on the same day. If two judges can be elevated from Karnataka, especially in light of the fact that Justice Kurian Joseph, also from Kerala, is going to retire in the course of this year, the logic of not having two judges from the Kerala High Court is clearly manufactured only to oppose Justice Joseph’s appointment.
If one looks at the aspect of regional representation made much of by the Law Minister and analyses the current representation of judges in the Supreme Court, then the Allahabad High Court, which has a sanctioned strength of 160, should have many more than two judges. This logic also applies to the Punjab and Haryana High Court as well as the Bombay High Court. While the Allahabad High Court has two judges in the Supreme Court, the Bombay High Court has three. Therefore, the opposition to Justice Joseph’s elevation on the basis of inadequate regional representation is a bogey.
The third reason is that there is an inadequate representation of the Scheduled Castes (SC) and the Scheduled Tribes (ST) in the Supreme Court. First, the total sanctioned strength of the Supreme Court is 31 judges. At the moment, there are 25. Six judges are to retire this year. Consequently, its strength, if no judges are appointed, will be reduced to 19. There will be 12 vacancies. If the government so chooses, it can give representation to the SCs and STs consistent with its logic. But this logic cannot be advanced in opposing Justice Joseph’s elevation. Such an argument only betrays the real intent behind the opposition.
Having demonstrated the fragility of the reasoning of the Law Minister, all the points for not elevating Justice Joseph — such as seniority at the level of the High Court, regional representation, representation of SCs and STs — become insignificant when there is an outstanding candidate for elevation. I only wish to reiterate the recommendation made by the collegium on January 10, 2018: “The Collegium considers that at present Mr. Justice K.M. Joseph, who hails from the Kerala High Court and is currently functioning as Chief Justice of Uttarakhand High Court, is more deserving and suitable in all respects than other Chief Justices and senior puisne Judges of High Courts for being appointed as Judge of the Supreme Court of India.”
It is crystal clear that the opposition to Justice Joseph is malafide. The executive is seeking to blatantly interfere in the appointment process. If the government’s stand is legitimised, such incursions on the independence of the judiciary will become routine. We want our judges to be immune to extra-constitutional pressures. That immunity is the only way to protect our citizens. A judiciary that capitulates is the greatest danger to democracy.
- Korean thaw
The summit between the leaders of the two Koreas is perhaps the most significant step in decades towards securing peace on the peninsula. Kim Jong-un on Friday became the first North Korean leader since the 1953 armistice to step on South Korean soil. Not many had foreseen such a rapid turnaround in ties between the two Koreas, given the acrimony and war rhetoric of the recent past. Mr. Kim had stepped up his country’s nuclear weapons programme since assuming power in 2011. Last year, U.S. President Donald Trump and he even exchanged nuclear threats. But it has become evident that Mr. Kim’s primary goal may not be to maintain the North’s nuclear capability or to live in a perpetuallyhostile environment. He has signalled that he is willing to barter the North’s nuclear capability for economic and security assurances. At their summit, Mr. Kim and South Korean President Moon Jae-in, whose persistence in breaking the ice was vital to the historic meeting, spared no words in expressing their desire for peace in a “nuclear-free” peninsula. They declared that there would be no more war on the peninsula. There are plans to transform the existing armistice into a peace treaty with the help of the U.S. and China, to formally end the Korean war by year-end.
The significance of the summit notwithstanding, peace is not a given. In the past, two South Korean Presidents had travelled to the North to meet its leader. The 2007 joint declaration after an inter-Korean summit had expressed almost similar goals as in the latest declaration, including on the nuclear issue. Yet relations deteriorated, with the international peace process failing to make any progress and the North going back to its nuclear weapons programme. What is different this time is that the inter-Korean summit is to be followed by a meeting between Mr. Kim and Mr. Trump. Mr. Kim first conveyed the promise of denuclearisation through visiting South Korean officials. And then he travelled to China to discuss the proposal with President Xi Jinping before meeting Mr. Moon. He announced a freeze on further nuclear tests and said North Korea’s main test site would be shut down, all aimed to show his seriousness of purpose. Mr. Trump has welcomed the Panmunjom summit and said that he expects to meet Mr. Kim within four weeks. Despite his promises, Mr. Kim is unlikely to give up his nuclear weapons unless he gets credible guarantees from the U.S., China and other countries. He is likely to also press the U.S. to withdraw its nuclear umbrella from the South. But it is quite extraordinary to think that Mr. Trump and Mr. Kim may actually now get down to discussing, face-to-face, steps towards denuclearising the Korean peninsula.
WORDS/ VOCABULARY
1)Elevation
Meaning: The action or fact of raising or being raised to a higher or more important level, state, or position.
Example: “Her sudden elevation to the cabinet”
Synonyms: Promotion, Advancement
Antonyms: Demotion
2) Collegium
Meaning: (In the past) a group of officials in charge of an industry or area of activity in Russia or the Soviet Union.
Example: “The trial opened before the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R”
3) Per se
Meaning: By or in itself or themselves; intrinsically.
Example: “It is not these facts per se that are important”
Synonyms: Intrinsically
4) Reassert
Meaning: Assert again.
Example:”He moved quickly to reassert his control”
5) Inexplicable
Meaning: Unable to be explained or accounted for.
Example: “For some inexplicable reason her mind went completely blank”
Synonyms: Unaccountable, Puzzling
Antonyms: Understandable
6) Obduracy (obdurate)
Meaning: Stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or course of action.
Example: “I argued this point with him, but he was obdurate”
7) Unedifying
Meaning: (Especially of an event taking place in public) distasteful; unpleasant.
Example:”The unedifying sight of the two leaders screeching conflicting proposals”
8) Attributed
Meaning: Regard something as being caused by.
Example: “He attributed the firm’s success to the efforts of the managing director”
Synonyms: Ascribe, Assign
9) Flawed
Meaning: Having or characterized by a fundamental weakness or imperfection.
Example: “A Fatally flawed strategy”
Synonyms: Unsound, Defective
Antonyms: Sound
10) Benchmark
Meaning: A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared.
Example:”The pay settlement will set a benchmark for other employers and workers”
Synonyms: Standard, Basis
11) Denying
Meaning: Refuse to give (something requested or desired) to (someone).
Example: “The inquiry was denied access to intelligence sources”
Synonyms: Refuse, Rebuff
Antonyms: Accept
12) Perhaps
Meaning: Used to express uncertainty or possibility.
Example: “Perhaps I should have been frank with him”
Synonyms: Maybe, Possibly
13) Consequently
Meaning: As a result.
Example: “Flexible workers find themselves in great demand, and consequently gain high salaries”
Synonyms: Accordingly, Hence
14) Betrays
Meaning: Expose (one’s country, a group, or a person) to danger by treacherously giving information to an enemy.
Example: “A double agent who betrayed some 400 British and French agents to the Germans”
Synonyms: Break faith with
Antonyms: Be loyal to
15) Fragility
Meaning: The quality of being easily broken or damaged.
Example:”Osteoporosis is characterized by bone fragility”
Synonyms: Frailty, Weakness
Antonyms: Robustness
16) Reiterate
Meaning: Say something again or a number of times, typically for emphasis or clarity.
Example:”She reiterated that the government would remain steadfast in its support”
Synonyms: Repeat, Retell
17) Hails
Meaning: Have one’s home or origins in (a place).
Example: “They hail from Turkey”
Synonyms: Come from, Have been born in
18) Crystal clear
Meaning: Unambiguous; easily understood.
Example: “The house rules are crystal clear”
19) Malafide
Meaning: In bad faith; with intent to deceive.
Example: “A mala fide abuse of position”
20) Blatantly
Meaning: In an open and unashamed manner.
Example: “Yet another space show that blatantly disregarded scientific fact”
21) Legitimised
Meaning: Make legitimate.
Example: “Voters legitimize the government through the election of public officials”
Synonyms: Validate, Legitimate
Antonyms: Outlaw
22) Incursions
Meaning: An invasion or attack, especially a sudden or brief one.
Example: “Incursions into enemy territory”
Synonyms: Attack on, Assault on
Antonyms: Retreat
23) Capitulates
Meaning: Cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand; yield.
Example: “The patriots had to capitulate to the enemy forces”
Synonyms: Surrender, Yield
Antonyms: Resist
24) Armistice
Meaning: An agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.
Example: “The Italian government signed an armistice with the Allies”
Synonyms: Truce, Ceasefire
Antonyms: Declaration of war, Hostilities
25) Turnaround
Meaning: An abrupt or unexpected change, especially one that results in a more favourable situation.
Example: “It was a remarkable turnaround in his fortunes”
26) Acrimony
Meaning: Bitterness or ill feeling.
Example: “The AGM dissolved into acrimony”
Synonyms: Bitterness, Rancour
Antonyms: Goodwill
27) Rhetoric
Meaning: The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.
Example: “He is using a common figure of rhetoric, hyperbole”
Synonyms: Oratory, Eloquence
28) Stepped up
Meaning: To take action when there is a need or opportunity for it.
Example: “Investors have to step up and assume more responsibility for their assets”
29)Threats
Meaning: A statement of an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or other hostile action on someone in retribution for something done or not done.
Example:”Members of her family have received death threats”
Synonyms: Warning, Ultimatum
30) Perpetually
Meaning: In a way that never ends or changes; constantly.
Example: “Perpetually hungry teenage boys”
31) Hostile
Meaning: Showing or feeling opposition or dislike; unfriendly.
Example:”A hostile audience”
Synonyms:Antagonistic, Aggressive
Antonyms: Friendly, Mild
32) Barter
Meaning: Exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money.
Example: “He often bartered a meal for drawings”
Synonyms: Trade, swap
33) Assurances
Meaning: A positive declaration intended to give confidence; a promise.
Example: “He gave an assurance that work would begin on Monday”
Synonyms: Promise, Pledge
34) Persistence
Meaning: The fact of continuing in an opinion or course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition.
Example: “Cardiff’s persistence was rewarded with a try”
Synonyms: Perseverance, Tenacity
35) Vital
Meaning:Absolutely necessary; essential.
Example:”Secrecy is of vital importance”
Synonyms:Essential, Crucial
Antonyms: Unimportant, Peripheral
36) Treaty
Meaning: A formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.
Example: “The two Presidents signed a ten-year treaty of solidarity”
Synonyms: Agreement, Settlement
37) Deteriorated
Meaning: Become progressively worse.
Example:”Relations between the countries had deteriorated sharply”
Synonyms:Worsen, Decline
Antonyms: Improve
38) Denuclearisation
Meaning: To remove nuclear weapons from a place.
Example: The documents detailing proposals for denuclearizing the region were leaked to the press.
39) Give up
Meaning: Cease making an effort; admit defeat.
Example: “He wasn’t the kind of man to give up easily”
40) Credible
Meaning: Able to be believed; convincing.
Example: “Few people found his story credible”
Synonyms: Acceptable, Reliable
Antonyms: Untrustworthy
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THE HINDU EDITORIAL : APRIL 30, 2018
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