THE HINDU EDITORIAL : APRIL 25, 2018
THE HINDU EDITORIAL: APRIL 25, 2018
a) Back to the court: on the impeachment controversy
With the Rajya Sabha Chairman rejecting the notice given by 64 Opposition members for the impeachment of the Chief Justice of India, the focus has shifted to the presiding officer’s power to admit or reject a motion. The Congress, spearheading the move, is planning to approach the Supreme Court. Section 3 of the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968, says the presiding officer may admit or refuse to admit the motion after holding consultations with such persons as he thinks fit, and considering the material before him. The law is open to interpretation on whether he can reject the motion on merits without sending the charges to a committee for investigation. A common-sense view suggests the Chairman has to apply his mind to the nature of the charge. To argue that he should merely satisfy himself on the number of signatures appended to the motion and straightaway constitute a probe committee is unlikely to find judicial favour. However, it needs a court to delineate the contours of such an interpretation. Rajya Sabha Chairman and Vice-President M. Venkaiah Naidu held there is little merit in any of the five charges. He has considered the implications for judicial independence if an investigation were ordered into charges that he says are based on mere suspicion and conjecture. He has picked holes in the motion’s wording, saying the signatories themselves are unsure of the veracity of the charges.
As for the legal foundation of his order, Mr. Naidu has cited the Supreme Court ruling in M. Krishna Swami v. Union of India (1992), which directed the Speaker (or Chairman) to act with utmost care, circumspection and responsibility and to keep equally in mind “the seriousness of the imputations, nature and quality of the record before him, and the indelible chilling effect on the public administration of justice and the independence of the judiciary in the estimate of the general public”. He has also gone by Mehar Singh Saini (2010) to elaborate on the phrase “proved misbehaviour or incapacity”, used in Article 124(4) of the Constitution, the ground for impeachment of a Supreme Court judge. What is possibly the main charge — that Justice Misra misused his control over the roster to assign cases selectively with a view to influencing their outcome — is indeed a serious one. But the question is whether impeachment is an option in the absence of concrete material to establish this charge. The Opposition is divided on initiating impeachment proceedings and there are two views within the Congress itself. Taking the matter to court may result in a judicial resolution, but it is unlikely to end the controversy over the functioning of the Supreme Court, an issue that has unfortunately assumed a very political and polarised character.
b) Nabbing absconders: on Fugitive Economic Offenders Ordinance
Last Saturday, within hours of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s return to Delhi from an overseas tour, the Union Cabinet approved the promulgation of the Fugitive Economic Offenders Ordinance, 2018. A fugitive is defined as someone who has left India to avoid criminal prosecution or who is already overseas and refuses to return to face the law. In recent weeks, banks have been asked to mandatorily collect passport details of those borrowing above ₹50 crore, and the passports of some wilful defaulters are being impounded too. Given that the proposed legislation was announced well over a year ago, the trigger for this belated haste is easy to see. While presenting Budget 2017-18, the Finance Minister referred to instances of offenders fleeing the country to escape its justice system, and said the government was looking at a law to confiscate the assets of such persons till they return to face the law. By September, the Finance and Law Ministries had agreed on a draft Bill, but it was only introduced in the Lok Sabha this March, in a session that proved to be a washout. The government is no doubt conscious of the clamour for tough action on absconding offenders, particularly those involved in financial misdemeanours and wilful defaulters of bank loans.
There remains great consternation over liquor baron Vijay Mallya’s flight from the country, with his now-defunct Kingfisher Airlines having run up outstanding loans of over ₹9,000 crore from Indian banks. Both Mr. Mallya and former Indian Premier League commissioner Lalit Modi, who faces an Enforcement Directorate probe for foreign exchange law violations, are in Britain. They left Indian shores for safer climes under the NDA government’s watch, as did diamond merchants Nirav Modi, Mehul Choksi and their associates, whose firms defrauded the country’s second largest public sector bank of over ₹12,800 crore. India is no closer to getting Mr. Modi or Mr. Mallya back to face the law, with extradition proceedings against the latter crawling through U.K. courts. No clear indications about whether their return could be expedited emerged during Prime Minister Modi’s meeting with his British counterpart Theresa May last week. Meanwhile, though government agencies have attached the diamond merchant duo’s assets in India, an American court has disallowed the sale of their assets in other jurisdictions while allowing their U.S.-based entity to offload its assets. The reason: India is yet to pass a model law mooted by the UN for cross-border insolvency cases. It is not clear whether this ordinance can tide over this major handicap. The government may have opted for the ordinance route to deflect the heat from these cases of fraud, but it needs to present a coherent vision about its plans to bring back those fugitives who have already got away and plug the remaining loopholes in the system.
WORDS/ VOCABULARY
1) Impeachment
Meaning: The action of calling into question the integrity or validity of something.
Example: “The prosecutor’s detailed impeachment of the character witness”
2) Spearhead
Meaning: Lead (an attack or movement).
Example: “He’s spearheading a campaign to reduce the number of accidents at work”
Synonyms: Lead, Head.
3) Interpretation
Meaning: The action of explaining the meaning of something.
Example: “The interpretation of data”
Synonyms: Explanation, Elucidation.
4) Append
Meaning: Add (something) to the end of a written document.
Example: “The results of the survey are appended to this chapter”
Synonyms: Add, Attach.
5) Delineate
Meaning: Describe or portray (something) precisely.
Example: “The law should delineate and prohibit behaviour which is socially abhorrent”
Synonyms: Describe, Set forth.
6) Contour
Meaning: An outline representing or bounding the shape or form of something.
Example: “She traced the contours of his face with her finger”
Synonyms: Outline, Shape.
7) Implication
Meaning: The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated.
Example: “The implication is that no one person at the bank is responsible”
Synonyms: Suggestion, Inference.
8) Suspicion
Meaning: A feeling or thought that something is possible, likely, or true.
Example: “She had a sneaking suspicion that he was laughing at her”
Synonyms: Intuition, Feeling.
9) Conjecture
Meaning: An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information.
Example: “Conjectures about the newcomer were many and varied”
Synonyms: Guess, Speculation.
10) Picked holes
Meaning: To criticize something severely; to point out the flaws or fallacies in an argument.
Example: The lawyer picked holes in the witness’s story.
11) Signatory
Meaning: A party that has signed an agreement, especially a state that has signed a treaty.
Example: “Britain is a signatory to the convention”
12) Veracity
Meaning: Conformity to facts; accuracy.
Example: “Officials expressed doubts concerning the veracity of the story”
Synonyms: Truthfulness, Truth.
13) Circumspection
Meaning: The quality of being wary and unwilling to take risks; prudence.
Example: “Circumspection is required in the day-to-day exercise of administrative powers”
Synonyms: Caution, Carefulness.
14) Imputation
Meaning: A suggestion that someone is guilty of something or has a particular bad quality.
Example: Imputations of dishonesty.
15) Indelible
Meaning: (Of ink or a pen) making marks that cannot be removed.
Example: “An indelible marker pen”
Synonyms: Ineradicable, Inerasable.
16) Roster
Meaning: A list or plan showing turns of duty or leave for individuals or groups in an organization.
Example: “Next week’s duty roster”
Synonyms: List, Listing.
17) Promulgate
Meaning: To announce something publicly, especially a new law.
Example: The new law was finally promulgated in the autumn of last year.
18) Fugitive
Meaning: A person who has escaped from captivity or is in hiding.
Example: “Fugitives from justice”
Synonyms: Runaway, Deserter.
19) Offender
Meaning: A person who commits an illegal act.
Example: “An institution for young offenders”
Synonyms: Wrongdoer, Criminal.
20) Prosecution
Meaning: The institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge.
Example: “The organizers are facing prosecution for noise nuisance”
21) Impound
Meaning: Seize and take legal custody of (something, especially a vehicle, goods, or documents) because of an infringement of a law.
Example: “Vehicles parked where they cause an obstruction will be impounded”
Synonyms: Confiscate, Appropriate.
22) Belated
Meaning: Coming or happening later than should have been the case.
Example: “A belated apology”
Synonyms: Late, Overdue.
23) Haste
Meaning: Excessive speed or urgency of movement or action; hurry.
Example: “Working with feverish haste”
Synonyms: Speed, Hastiness.
24) Flee
Meaning: Run away from a place or situation of danger.
Example: “To escape the fighting, his family fled from their village”
Synonyms: Run, Run away.
25) Confiscate
Meaning: Take or seize (someone’s property) with authority.
Example: “The guards confiscated his camera”
Synonyms: Impound, Seize.
26) Wash out
Meaning: A complete failure.
Example: The party was a washout – hardly anyone came.
27) Clamour
Meaning: A loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting.
Example: “The questions rose to a clamour”
Synonyms: Uproar, Tumult.
28) Abscond
Meaning: Leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to escape from custody or avoid arrest.
Example: “The barman absconded with a week’s takings”
Synonyms: Escape, Bolt.
29) Misdemeanour
Meaning: A minor wrongdoing.
Example: “The player can expect a suspension for his latest misdemeanour”
Synonyms: Wrongdoing, Evil deed.
30) Consternation
Meaning: A feeling of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected.
Example: “To her consternation her car wouldn’t start”
Synonyms: Dismay, Perturbation.
31) Baron
Meaning: An important or powerful person in a specified business or industry.
Example: “A press baron”
Synonyms: Magnate, Tycoon.
32) Defunct
Meaning: No longer existing or functioning.
Example: “The now defunct Somerset & Dorset railway line”
Synonyms: Disused, No longer in use.
33) Defraud
Meaning: Illegally obtain money from (someone) by deception.
Example: “He used a second identity to defraud the bank of thousands of pounds”
Synonyms: Swindle, Cheat.
34) Crawl
Meaning: Behave obsequiously or ingratiatingly in the hope of gaining someone’s favour.
Example: “A reporter’s job can involve crawling to objectionable people”
Synonyms: Cultivate, Seek the favour of.
35) Offload
Meaning: Rid oneself of (something) by selling or passing it on to someone else.
Example: “A dealer offloaded 5,000 of these shares on a client”
Synonyms: Dump, Jettison.
36) Mooted
Meaning: Raise (a question or topic) for discussion; suggest (an idea or possibility).
Example: “The scheme was first mooted last October”
Synonyms: Raise, Bring up.
37) Tide over
Meaning: If you do something for someone to tide them over, you help them through a period when they are having difficulties, especially by lending them money.
Example: He wanted money to tide him over.
38) Deflect
Meaning: Cause (something) to change direction; turn aside from a straight course.
Example: “The bullet was deflected harmlessly into the ceiling”
Synonyms: Divert, Avert.
39) Coherent
Meaning: (Of an argument, theory, or policy) logical and consistent.
Example: “They failed to develop a coherent economic strategy”
Synonyms: Logical, Reasoned.
40) Loopholes
Meaning: An ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rules.
Example: “They exploited tax loopholes”
Synonyms: Means of evasion/avoidance, Means of escape.
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THE HINDU EDITORIAL – APRIL 24, 2018
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