1.b  2.c 3.a

1.Espouse

Meaning: support

Synonym: adopt, maintain, defend

Antonym: attack, reject

Sentence: He was an optimist or he never would have espoused

the American cause.

2.Sporadic

Meaning: on and off

Synonym: occasional, infrequent, irregular

Antonym: common, constant, frequent

Sentence:At first resistance to Western encroachment was

sporadic and uncoordinated.

3. Recede

Meaning: Pull back or move away or backwards

Synonym: subside, ebb, taper

Antonym: forge, ascend, prolong

Sentence: The unhappy memories of her childhood receded as she

grew older

4.c 5.a 6.b

4. Soporific

Meaning: tending to induce drowsiness or sleep., a drug or other

substance that induces drowsiness or sleep.

Synonym: sleeping pill, sleeping potion, sedative, calmative,

tranquillizer, narcotic, opiate;

Antonym: invigorating, stimulant

Sentence: “the motion of the train had a somewhat soporific

effect”

5. Orthodox

Meaning: following or conforming to the traditional or generally

accepted rules or beliefs of a religion, philosophy, or practice.

Synonym: conservative, traditional, observant, conformist

Antonym: unconventional, unorthodox, nonconformist

Sentence: “Burke’s views were orthodox in his time”

6.Puerile

Meaning: childishly silly and immature

Synonym: jejune, infantile

Antonym: mature, adult

Sentence: “a puerile argument”

7.d 8.c 9.a 10.a

8. Perturbed

Meaning: Trouble

Synonym: Bothered, Upset

Antonym: benefit , calm

Sentence:The more he loses, the more perturbed he gets

9.Penal

Meaning: relating to, used for, or prescribing the punishment of

offenders under the legal system.

Synonym: disciplinary, punitive, corrective,

Antonym: compensatory; acquitting,

Sentence: “the campaign for penal reform”

10.Alteration

Meaning: the action or process of altering or being altered.

Synonym: change, adjustment, adaptation, modification,

Sentence: “careful alteration of old buildings”